Kidney Failure

Kidney failure, also called end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), happens when the kidneys lose almost all function, usually at stage 5 of CKD. It may develop suddenly or over time. Without dialysis or a transplant, waste and fluids build up, making the condition life-threatening.

Frequently Asked Question's About Kidney Failure

What are the early signs of kidney failure?

Kidney problems may develop gradually, and early stages may cause few noticeable symptoms. As kidney function declines, a person may experience swelling in the feet or face, changes in urination, persistent tiredness, nausea, poor appetite, or difficulty concentrating.

What can cause kidney failure?

Kidney failure can result from conditions that damage the kidneys over time, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, certain kidney diseases, repeated infections, or severe kidney injury. The underlying cause needs to be identified to guide appropriate treatment.

How is kidney failure diagnosed?

Doctors assess kidney function through medical history, physical examination, blood tests such as creatinine and estimated kidney function, urine tests, and sometimes imaging of the kidneys. Additional investigations may be needed to understand the cause.

Can kidney failure be treated without dialysis?

Treatment depends on the stage of kidney disease and the underlying cause. Some patients may be managed with medicines, dietary and lifestyle changes, and treatment of conditions affecting kidney function. Dialysis or other advanced treatments may be required when the kidneys can no longer adequately perform their functions.

When should I see a nephrologist for kidney problems?

A nephrologist should be consulted when kidney function tests are abnormal, swelling or changes in urination persist, or there is a history of conditions that can damage the kidneys. Early specialist evaluation can help manage kidney disease and monitor changes in kidney function.