Understanding Hypertension: The Silent Killer of Modern Times

Introduction

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is often called the “silent killer” because it usually shows no symptoms until significant damage has occurred. Despite being easily detectable and manageable, it remains one of the top causes of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney disease worldwide.

What is Hypertension?

Hypertension occurs when the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Blood pressure is measured in two numbers:

• Systolic Pressure (upper number) — pressure when the heart beats.
• Diastolic Pressure (lower number) — pressure when the heart rests.

A normal reading is around 120/80 mmHg. Anything above 140/90 mmHg is considered high and requires medical attention.

Causes and Risk Factors

Hypertension can result from several causes:

• Genetics: Family history plays a role.
• Unhealthy diet: High salt, fatty foods, and low potassium intake.
• Obesity: Excess weight strains the heart.
• Lack of exercise: Leads to weak heart and poor circulation.
• Stress: Persistent stress elevates blood pressure.
• Smoking and alcohol: Damage blood vessels and raise BP levels.

Symptoms

Most people with hypertension experience no noticeable symptoms, but severe cases may cause:

• Headaches
• Shortness of breath
• Nosebleeds
• Dizziness
• Complications
• Uncontrolled hypertension can damage arteries and vital organs, causing:
• Heart attacks
• Stroke
• Kidney failure
• Vision loss
• Aneurysm

Prevention and Management

The good news is that hypertension can be prevented and even reversed with lifestyle changes:

• Eat less salt: Reduce sodium intake to below 5g per day.
• Stay active: Engage in at least 30 minutes of exercise daily.
• Quit smoking: Nicotine narrows arteries and raises BP.
• Limit alcohol: Excessive drinking elevates pressure.
• Manage stress: Try yoga, meditation, or deep breathing.
• Get regular check-ups: Blood pressure should be checked at least once every six months.

Conclusion

Hypertension may be silent, but its effects can be deadly if ignored. The key lies in early diagnosis, lifestyle modifications, and regular health monitoring.
At Nivik Hospital, we provide advanced cardiac care and preventive health programs to help patients manage blood pressure effectively. With expert doctors and personalized treatment plans, you can protect your heart and enjoy a healthier, longer life.